Re: [黑特] 立委選制的看法
※ 引述《ckTHU (XD)》之銘言：
: 有關兩院制與美國首都政經分離的思辨
考古補充下 Thomas Jefferson 針對 Residence act of 1790《美國首都選址法》備忘錄
來源 https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/05-06-02-0176
Memorandum from Thomas Jefferson 湯瑪斯·傑佛遜 的備忘錄
[New York, 29 August 1790] #1
1790 年 8 月 29 日於紐約
Proceedings to be had under the Residence act.
對於《首都選址法》下應採取的程序
a territory not exceeding 10. miles square
(or, I presume, 100 square miles in any form) to be located,
by metes and bounds.
領土不得超過 10 英里見方（或者，我推測，無論何種形式不超過 100 英里見方），
應根據範圍跟界線進行定位。
3. commissioners to be appointed.
任命 3 位委員。
I suppose them not entitled to any salary.
我認為他們無權獲得任何工資。
[If they live near the place they may, in some instances, be influenced by
self interest, & partialities: but they will push the work with zeal. if they
are from a distance, & Northwardly, they will be more impartial, but may
affect delays.] #2
如果他們住在附近，在某些情況下可能受到自身利益和偏見影響；但會以熱忱推進工作。
如果他們來自遠方，北方，他們會更公正，但可能會造成延遲。
the Commissioners to purchase or accept “such quantity of land on the E.
side of the river as the President shall deem proper for the U.S.” viz. for
the federal Capitol, the offices, the President’s house & gardens, the town
house, Market house, publick walks, hospital. for the President’s house,
offices & gardens, I should think 2. squares should be consolidated.
for the Capitol & offices one square. for the Market one square.
For the Public walks 9. squares consolidated.
委員會應購買或接受“總統認為對美國適當的東側土地數量”，即為聯邦國會大廈、
政府辦公室、總統府邸及花園、市政廳、市場、公共步道、醫院。對於總統府邸、
辦公室和花園，我認為應聚集在一起；對於國會大廈和辦公室，一個區塊；
對於市場，一個區塊；對於公共步道，應合併九個區塊。
the expression “such quantity of land as the President shall deem proper for
the U.S.” is vague. it may therefore be extended to the acceptance or
purchase of land enough for the town: and I have no doubt it is the wish, &
perhaps expectation. in that case it will be to be laid out in lots & streets.
I should propose these to be at right angles as in Philadelphia, & that no
street be narrower than 100. feet, with foot-ways of 15. feet. where a street
is long & level, it might be 120. feet wide. I should prefer squares of at
least 200. yards every way, which will be of about 8. acres each.
“總統認為對美國適當的土地數量”這一表述較為模糊。因此，它可以擴展為接受或購買
足夠的土地以建設城市；我毫不懷疑這是願望，甚至可能是期望。在這種情況下，
土地將被劃分為地塊和街道。我建議這些街道應該與費城一樣呈直角排列，
並且每條街道的寬度不得小於 100 英尺，並設有 15 英尺寬的人行道。
如果某條街道又長又平，可以設為 120 英尺寬。我更偏好至少 200 英尺見方的區塊，
這樣每個區塊大約有 8 英畝。
The Commissioners should have some taste in Architecture, because they may
have to decide between different plans.
委員應該具備一些建築學方面的品味，因為他們可能需要在不同的設計方案間做出決定。
They will however be subject to the President’s direction in every point.
然而，他們的所有決定都將受到總統指示的約束。
When the President shall have made up his mind as to the spot for the town,
would there be any impropriety in his saying to the neighboring landholders,
“I will fix the town here if you will join & purchase & give the lands.”
they may well afford it from the increase of value it will give to their own
circumjacent lands.
當總統確定了城市的具體位置後，他是否合適告訴鄰近的土地所有者：
“如果你們願意加入、購買並捐贈土地，我會將城市建在這裏。”
他們完全有能力從土地增值中獲益，因此這樣的提議並不過分。
The lots to be sold out in breadths of 50. feet: their depths to extend to
the diagonal of the square.
這些地塊將以 50 英尺寬的尺寸出售，深度延伸至區塊的對角線。
I doubt much whether the obligation to build the houses at a given distance
from the street, contributes to it’s beauty. it produces a disgusting
monotony. all persons make this complaint against Philadelphia. the contrary
practice varies the appearance, & is much more convenient to the inhabitants.
我懷疑限制建設時與街道保持一定距離，是否對城市美觀有所貢獻。
這種規定會導致單調的城市景觀，許多人都對費城這種做法提出批評。
相反，允許建築物靈活佈局可以增加城市的多樣性和居民的便利性。
In Paris it is forbidden to build a house beyond a given height, & it is
admitted to be good restriction. it keeps down the price of ground, keeps the
houses low & convenient, & the streets light & airy. fires are much more
manageable where houses are low. this however is an object of legislation.
在巴黎，禁止建築物超過一定高度，這被認為是一個很好的限制。
它可以降低地價，使房屋低矮、舒適，街道明亮通風，並更容易控制火災。
然而，這需要通過立法來實施。
#1 This date has been supplied on the authority of a 29 Aug. 1790 entry in
Jefferson's “Summary Journal of Public Letters”stating,
“Note of Th:J. on agenda in the 10. miles square”
(Boyd, Jefferson Papers, 17:461n.).
根據傑斐遜的《公共信件摘要日記》中1790年8月29日的記錄，
“關於10平方英里土地議程的托馬斯·傑斐遜的筆記”
（Boyd，《Jefferson Papers》，17:461n），提供了此日期。
#2 The brackets surrounding this paragraph appear in the MS.
括號中包含的這段文字出現在手稿中。
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